Politicize (tssq24_1) doi:10.34934/DVN/UN1LFW Social Sciences and Digital Humanities Archive – SODHA 2026-09-18 1 The Social Study (TSS), 2026, "Politicize (tssq24_1)", https://doi.org/10.34934/DVN/UN1LFW, Social Sciences and Digital Humanities Archive – SODHA, V1, UNF:6:ekVevC2ECo4x2h6PNbDPUQ== [fileUNF] Politicize (tssq24_1) doi:10.34934/DVN/UN1LFW The Social Study (TSS) Jean-Benoit Pilet (ULB) The Social Study Belgium Social Sciences and Digital Humanities Archive – SODHA The Social Study The Social Study (TSS) The Social Study, TSS 2026-08-31 2026-09-18 TSS Commissioned Questionnaires Social Sciences Political behaviour and attitudes Government, political systems and organisations The Social Study administered Politicize (tssq24_1) questionnaire on behalf of Jean-Benoit Pilet (ULB) between 15/04/2024 and 27/05/2024. The Politicize questionnaire examines public attitudes towards democracy, political institutions, and alternative models of government. Against the backdrop of growing concerns about dissatisfaction with representative democracy, the survey explores citizens' views on democratic governance, democratic norm violations, authoritarian attitudes, institutional reforms, and perceived shortcomings of the current political system. For more details, please consult the user guide accompanying the dataset. 2024-04-15 2024-05-27 Survey data The Social Study Van Pottelberge, A., Vandeleene, A., Thielemans, G., Wuyts, C., & Grieten, R. (2025). Building The Social Study: Methodological foundations of a probability-based panel in Belgium. The Social Study Documentation. Online and offline questionnaires Given the restricted fieldwork population and small sample size, questionnaire-specific post-stratification weights are not available. 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Ordinary peopleâ€™s information for political decisions 2.04248366013072 . -99.0 0.0 5.0 5.859683791731121 2.0 306.0 4 Agree 35 -77 Not administered 0 1 Strongly disagree 35 3 Neither agree nor disagree 70 2 Disagree 162 -99 No valid response 1 5 Strongly agree 3 UNF:6:NDESor8T9oS21z288He/vw== Ordinary peopleâ€™s skills for political decisions 306.0 . 5.87911000290261 2.333333333333335 0.0 -99.0 5.0 3.0 1 Strongly disagree 22 2 Disagree 118 4 Agree 52 3 Neither agree nor disagree 109 -77 Not administered 0 5 Strongly agree 4 -99 No valid response 1 UNF:6:A0Pajse3/z95EgW8kUElfA== Politicians are too corrupt for political decisions 2.7222222222222214 5.0 306.0 3.0 -99.0 5.9167417065971835 0.0 . -99 No valid response 1 4 Agree 75 2 Disagree 78 3 Neither agree nor disagree 116 -77 Not administered 0 5 Strongly agree 23 1 Strongly disagree 13 UNF:6:hdOa6XkzAaLMEAplyOrr9w== Politicians would destroy society 3.0 2.444444444444446 -99.0 306.0 0.0 5.0 5.899028971373188 . 4 Agree 65 3 Neither 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administered 0 1 Totally disagree 27 4 Agree 88 UNF:6:e9rsB/g8/cLCi/oJNjXJMw== Strengthen power of businessmen . 0.0 2.0 306.0 10.045124802844676 5.0 -99.0 1.3529411764705883 3 Neither agree nor disagree 80 -99 No valid response 3 5 Totally agree 2 1 Totally disagree 55 2 Disagree 129 -77 Not administered 0 4 Agree 37 UNF:6:axdIsEMXaqx8bk4R+pQJ4Q== Strengthen power of military generals 0.0 -99.0 8.221528997392534 5.0 . 306.0 1.5392156862745088 2.0 1 Totally disagree 73 -77 Not administered 0 5 Totally agree 1 2 Disagree 132 3 Neither agree nor disagree 65 4 Agree 33 -99 No valid response 2 UNF:6:ouimeCxpxcLuw4FzpdlJVw== Strengthen power of religious leaders 1.0294117647058811 0.0 5.0 -99.0 8.176081729027075 1.0 306.0 . 5 Totally agree 3 1 Totally disagree 164 -99 No valid response 2 4 Agree 12 3 Neither agree nor disagree 36 -77 Not administered 0 2 Disagree 89 UNF:6:sfVlZU6uBRuGhPTSX+M/gA== Strengthen power of experienced people 5.0 3.0 -99.0 306.0 8.300475885453634 2.45424836601307 0.0 . 4 Agree 112 3 Neither agree nor disagree 94 -99 No valid response 2 5 Totally agree 13 -77 Not administered 0 2 Disagree 69 1 Totally disagree 16 UNF:6:OND32cbN+DHBJt8g7OXYqg== Strengthen power of selfless politicians 306.0 5.0 0.0 . 3.4673202614379104 4.0 5.940186342116168 -99.0 4 Agree 166 2 Disagree 15 1 Totally disagree 7 -77 Not administered 0 -99 No valid response 1 5 Totally agree 54 3 Neither agree nor disagree 63 UNF:6:k0yLXYktWbjpUmVoxZhDwg== Strengthen power of inexperienced people 0.0 306.0 . 3.0 0.8808594811202776 5.0 2.6601307189542487 1.0 -99 No valid response 0 1 Totally disagree 22 -77 Not administered 0 2 Disagree 116 5 Totally agree 6 4 Agree 44 3 Neither agree nor disagree 118 UNF:6:3c4kzZ9/5GglSfJ9RUbLcA== Government functions better with deliberation 3.0 . -99.0 3.006535947712417 5.921892400267239 5.0 0.0 306.0 4 Agree 129 1 Totally disagree 9 2 Disagree 47 3 Neither agree nor disagree 100 -99 No valid response 1 5 Totally agree 20 -77 Not administered 0 UNF:6:40onx1qZev0XXEOFWaBDZw== Government functions better with compromises 4.0 1.0 . 306.0 0.8371785282356837 3.5490196078431375 5.0 0.0 3 Neither agree nor disagree 84 4 Agree 161 1 Totally disagree 4 5 Totally agree 24 2 Disagree 33 -99 No valid response 0 -77 Not administered 0 UNF:6:vNOeO80M72WWKahlCALd4g== Government functions better with ideological flexibility -99.0 5.0 2.6928104575163396 . 306.0 3.0 8.298355393652724 0.0 1 Totally disagree 2 3 Neither agree nor disagree 119 4 Agree 132 2 Disagree 40 5 Totally agree 11 -77 Not administered 0 -99 No valid response 2 UNF:6:XYi+Q0QB3+lBr77DhXtyLw== Politicians should have the last word 3.5359477124183005 4.0 5.0 306.0 0.90916025957194 0.0 1.0 . -99 No valid response 0 3 Neither agree nor disagree 68 2 Disagree 40 -77 Not administered 0 4 Agree 164 5 Totally agree 27 1 Totally disagree 7 UNF:6:yXVNb2MnzOcqxdEGg3eiKQ== Politicians make decisions after contact with citizens 3.7941176470588234 0.7851686918353173 . 1.0 0.0 5.0 306.0 4.0 3 Neither agree nor disagree 54 4 Agree 197 2 Disagree 12 5 Totally agree 36 1 Totally disagree 7 -77 Not administered 0 -99 No valid response 0 UNF:6:O9EMBlTjXctvRit6XRAxsA== Government must adjust actions to public opinion 5.9353493950965435 306.0 3.3398692810457526 0.0 4.0 5.0 -99.0 . -77 Not administered 0 2 Disagree 28 1 Totally disagree 6 4 Agree 168 5 Totally agree 39 3 Neither agree nor disagree 64 -99 No valid response 1 UNF:6:YQVoMHVGyYOOSrAal6NvNw== Politicians should follow well-informed policies 3.0 8.746667945566777 . -99.0 2.3758169934640554 5.0 0.0 306.0 3 Neither agree nor disagree 132 1 Totally disagree 13 4 Agree 108 2 Disagree 37 5 Totally agree 13 -77 Not administered 2 -99 No valid response 1 UNF:6:8QRhR8BwOPwqF+WG3mfLLg== Strengthen power of knowledgeable politicians 306.0 2.637254901960788 8.768186775210479 0.0 4.0 5.0 . -99.0 3 Neither agree nor disagree 90 -77 Not administered 2 4 Agree 158 2 Disagree 31 1 Totally disagree 6 5 Totally agree 18 -99 No valid response 1 UNF:6:UEVZrf1/2n7JD3l1L/Wqdg== Politicians may abandon election promises 4.0 -99.0 0.0 5.0 . 8.78668230454053 2.7843137254901973 306.0 1 Totally disagree 4 2 Disagree 33 3 Neither agree nor disagree 65 -99 No valid response 1 4 Agree 165 5 Totally agree 36 -77 Not administered 2 UNF:6:kP8dqja7iuH4miD/sx2L7Q== Government run by independent experts 6.5682383530655155 2.862745098039218 -77.0 5.0 306.0 4.0 . 0.0 4 Agree 126 -77 Not administered 2 5 Totally agree 34 -99 No valid response 0 1 Totally disagree 13 2 Disagree 50 3 Neither agree nor disagree 81 UNF:6:lx1V7Oond+WnBN6Aa2oSBA== Government works better with occasional intervention -99.0 5.0 306.0 3.0 . 0.0 1.830065359477128 8.695422462364483 3 Neither agree nor disagree 120 4 Agree 53 -77 Not administered 2 1 Totally disagree 28 2 Disagree 99 5 Totally agree 3 -99 No valid response 1 UNF:6:LrBwNAfEakLz6AjmesIkFg== Politics should do what people want 8.723396286593678 . 2.1535947712418264 3.0 0.0 306.0 -99.0 5.0 1 Totally disagree 10 2 Disagree 78 5 Totally agree 3 3 Neither agree nor disagree 117 -77 Not administered 2 4 Agree 95 -99 No valid response 1 UNF:6:794m5YzWv+gIeZjPJ1y3nw== Only elected politicians decide political direction 0.0 . 306.0 -77.0 6.535416457569243 5.0 2.5686274509803955 3.0 2 Disagree 74 1 Totally disagree 13 4 Agree 98 5 Totally agree 15 -77 Not administered 2 3 Neither agree nor disagree 104 -99 No valid response 0 UNF:6:MsAhfz3Gv89xe3Oq/GOKYQ== Politicians govern without constant public attention 1.1339869281045774 -99.0 10.390018308248075 5.0 2.0 306.0 0.0 . 2 Disagree 151 -77 Not administered 2 5 Totally agree 3 -99 No valid response 2 1 Totally disagree 47 4 Agree 32 3 Neither agree nor disagree 69 UNF:6:zU8HxY6eteYMysXqxqQ1kw== Strong government leader is good 306.0 2.0 5.0 8.705200786477212 -99.0 0.0 . 1.7647058823529458 -77 Not administered 2 2 Disagree 108 -99 No valid response 1 1 Totally disagree 44 3 Neither agree nor disagree 77 5 Totally agree 6 4 Agree 68 UNF:6:sl1kiZetlcFzD/sCsrYOiQ== Political role of citizens limited to electing representatives 1.751633986928106 0.0 8.693529567311908 -99.0 5.0 2.0 306.0 . 5 Totally agree 1 3 Neither agree nor disagree 75 -99 No valid response 1 4 Agree 68 2 Disagree 128 -77 Not administered 2 1 Totally disagree 31 UNF:6:P/9i+nqiZbeXt5irmYeMsg== Elected politicians know best . 5.0 6.471733824151576 1.9281045751633978 306.0 -77.0 0.0 2.0 4 Agree 29 2 Disagree 121 -77 Not administered 2 -99 No valid response 0 1 Totally disagree 41 5 Totally agree 3 3 Neither agree nor disagree 110 UNF:6:7U0HeylPTzivdW+MLON50A== Citizensâ€™ views represented by political parties 5.0 -77.0 6.520690474515563 0.0 306.0 3.0 2.516339869281048 . -77 Not administered 2 5 Totally agree 7 1 Totally disagree 11 2 Disagree 74 4 Agree 94 -99 No valid response 0 3 Neither agree nor disagree 118 UNF:6:5D/MkkPUK7yjCs8+zV+VVA== Only parliament makes important political decisions 306.0 2.261437908496733 0.0 5.0 8.743538123051032 3.0 -99.0 . -77 Not administered 2 3 Neither agree nor disagree 107 -99 No valid response 1 4 Agree 102 1 Totally disagree 14 2 Disagree 66 5 Totally agree 14 UNF:6:d8Rp04x4F8hQu5un5IfaRA== Politicians should pay attention to citizens and experts 4.0 6.566225854765035 3.467320261437911 . 0.0 306.0 -77.0 5.0 -99 No valid response 0 4 Agree 212 -77 Not administered 2 5 Totally agree 49 3 Neither agree nor disagree 37 1 Totally disagree 1 2 Disagree 5 UNF:6:c/HS8KVfCn4pewxb6w/23Q== Focus on small improvements to political system 306.0 5.0 2.454248366013069 0.0 8.766153141977615 4.0 . -99.0 2 Disagree 55 1 Totally disagree 13 -99 No valid response 1 -77 Not administered 2 5 Totally agree 21 3 Neither agree nor disagree 80 4 Agree 134 UNF:6:PapdZEhqvvJIFC/NBzv9cw== Politics is about finding balance 6.579938111914657 306.0 4.0 5.0 -77.0 3.3954248366013067 0.0 . 1 Totally disagree 3 -99 No valid response 0 2 Disagree 13 3 Neither agree nor disagree 52 4 Agree 172 5 Totally agree 64 -77 Not administered 2 UNF:6:MOup6E3VpcWz2QTRspNlUw== Military must take power when government is incompetent 306.0 2.0 5.0 -77.0 . 0.0 1.473856209150327 6.448354943265637 4 Agree 17 -77 Not administered 2 -99 No valid response 0 1 Totally disagree 109 3 Neither agree nor disagree 54 2 Disagree 118 5 Totally agree 6 UNF:6:XASAmVotRAm7qV9b6Sj+UA== Welfare of people is more important than democratic norms . -99.0 3.0 306.0 8.742628800387745 0.0 2.1960784313725505 5.0 1 Totally disagree 15 4 Agree 89 -99 No valid response 1 -77 Not administered 2 5 Totally agree 19 2 Disagree 81 3 Neither agree nor disagree 99 UNF:6:GX2Esvemyzf0qDJmQdOjPw== Government ignores Constitutional Court ruling 306.0 16.244518398940013 . 4.97058823529411 8.0 -99.0 0.0 10.0 -77 Not administered 5 1 This is not a problem for democracy at all 4 -99 No valid response 4 10 This is a threat to the survival of democracy 95 UNF:6:vcq5DuQCGBGXKel6OIpgCg== Government keeps law declared unconstitutional 4.578431372549029 10.0 -99.0 0.0 15.031618876752116 306.0 7.0 . 1 This is not a problem for democracy at all 7 -77 Not administered 5 10 This is a threat to the survival of democracy 66 -99 No valid response 3 UNF:6:W4GzP+2hn+adNgdjGPMnWg== Government amends law declared unconstitutional 306.0 2.9967320261437904 5.0 10.0 16.001741373683355 0.0 -99.0 . 1 This is not a problem for democracy at all 24 -99 No valid response 4 -77 Not administered 5 10 This is a threat to the survival of democracy 48 UNF:6:J9DeOQy5hV93AI+pB+rFFA== Government withdraws bill after court ruling 306.0 16.632058249659238 3.0 0.0 0.6372549019607908 . -99.0 10.0 1 This is not a problem for democracy at all 95 -77 Not administered 5 10 This is a threat to the survival of democracy 12 -99 No valid response 5 UNF:6:t9BWITPjwXyeOCkvo5rFiw== Government changes electoral law for favorable result 0.0 5.8823529411764754 10.0 15.191862004600605 -99.0 . 306.0 9.0 10 This is a threat to the survival of democracy 136 -99 No valid response 3 -77 Not administered 5 1 This is not a problem for democracy at all 2 UNF:6:Py3xmY+jlQgSDlpDfIkmQA== Government adopts rules limiting opposition voters 0.0 9.0 5.715686274509813 -99.0 306.0 15.178745353654554 . 10.0 -99 No valid response 3 10 This is a threat to the survival of democracy 131 1 This is not a problem for democracy at all 2 -77 Not administered 5 UNF:6:kG+HKfBPHSarvtOLHZ5/mA== Government dissolves independent Electoral Commission 10.0 6.029411764705894 0.0 -99.0 306.0 10.0 . 15.21913541997485 10 This is a threat to the survival of democracy 160 1 This is not a problem for democracy at all 1 -77 Not administered 5 -99 No valid response 3 UNF:6:MRbgbPAXSudH9X5UODp3jA== Government limits party advertising spend 1.3137254901960793 14.05514693112615 0.0 3.0 10.0 -99.0 306.0 . 10 This is a threat to the survival of democracy 11 -99 No valid response 2 1 This is not a problem for democracy at all 94 -77 Not administered 6 UNF:6:UdR4AWhBKKCogMYwBArQrQ== Government limits coverage of opposition parties 9.0 10.0 -99.0 13.463598633362915 0.0 306.0 6.222222222222219 . -99 No valid response 1 -77 Not administered 6 10 This is a threat to the survival of democracy 136 1 This is not a problem for democracy at all 5 UNF:6:Lr6ZbhsDk61LowGJUmFp4A== Government bans debates with opposition politicians 10.0 0.0 6.464052287581702 -99.0 306.0 9.0 13.48078226255332 . -99 No valid response 1 -77 Not administered 6 1 This is not a problem for democracy at all 3 10 This is a threat to the survival of democracy 149 UNF:6:ZctKMko9s6b3nvXjUTe/1g== Government restricts civil society rallies . 5.869281045751638 8.0 13.426762025812604 306.0 -99.0 10.0 0.0 -77 Not administered 6 -99 No valid response 1 1 This is not a problem for democracy at all 4 10 This is a threat to the survival of democracy 113 UNF:6:07ab+Gva9W8/p+ahqr+yEA== Government cuts subsidies to critical organizations 9.0 5.068627450980395 306.0 16.974190516301604 10.0 -99.0 0.0 . 1 This is not a problem for democracy at all 4 -77 Not administered 6 -99 No valid response 4 10 This is a threat to the survival of democracy 122 UNF:6:X0D5FiI1ZifnKtvqmJjR1w== Government censors critical organizations 6.2614379084967275 14.774710889221039 0.0 -99.0 10.0 . 10.0 306.0 1 This is not a problem for democracy at all 3 -77 Not administered 6 -99 No valid response 2 10 This is a threat to the survival of democracy 160 UNF:6:A9He3meBCpMXIrWl7rt0IQ== Dilemma - Judicial independence 0.0 10.0 4.32679738562091 . 306.0 15.779767109735857 7.0 -99.0 10 Â Judges cannot be subject to political control even if the government disagrees with their decisions 76 -77 Not administered 6 -99 No valid response 3 1 The government should be able to block the careers of judges 13 UNF:6:QXx4/dONhg6a/O36q055yg== Dilemma - Banning extremist parties -99.0 306.0 15.596861934951415 5.0 10.0 2.9411764705882377 0.0 . -99 No valid response 3 1 It is right to ban parties that promote extremist ideas from participating in elections 34 -77 Not administered 6 10 All parties should be allowed to stand for election regardless of whether they promote extremist ideas 48 UNF:6:EZbhPsozM/bC5k7mCK4VVg== Dilemma - Voting restrictions 16.374053636374676 . 10.0 1.0915032679738603 306.0 0.0 -99.0 3.0 10 There should be no restrictions on the right to vote for any reason 23 -77 Not administered 6 1 The government should be able to prohibit persons who pose a threat to national security or who have committed serious c 86 -99 No valid response 4 UNF:6:Coi3pwwOiOOcUvCrw7SLfA== Dilemma - Courts overturning parliamentary decisions . 8.0 0.0 10.0 15.868201131066153 -99.0 306.0 5.058823529411762 1 No court or tribunal may overturn a decision approved by a majority of elected members of parliament 10 10 It is the role of the courts and tribunals to ensure that laws passed in parliament comply with Belgium's constitution a 100 -77 Not administered 6 -99 No valid response 3 UNF:6:P1V2MCO8IGGvmsUcleQtZA== Dilemma - Government contesting electoral results 5.5457516339869315 . 0.0 306.0 14.751255515014973 9.0 10.0 -99.0 1 The government must be able to contest the result of an election even if it was validated by an independent electoral co 10 10 Elections confirmed by an independent electoral commission cannot be contested by the government 127 -99 No valid response 2 -77 Not administered 6 UNF:6:HUHd4WWZFxbgVwFAX5u02g== Dilemma - Independence of the media -99.0 8.0 0.0 5.519607843137254 306.0 14.681580112501754 10.0 . 10 The media should be completely free to express themselves regardless of their views 97 1 Parliament should have the right to pass laws controlling the media 3 -99 No valid response 2 -77 Not administered 6 UNF:6:8eMHBzpAh99DVP7vp+zbDQ== Dilemma - Social services for migrants 306.0 . 10.0 7.0 14.610321035732586 -99.0 0.0 4.405228758169939 -77 Not administered 6 1 Migrants without papers should not have access to basic social services such as health care 17 10 Migrants without papers should have access to basic social services, such as health care, until a final decision has bee 72 -99 No valid response 2 UNF:6:Y6j2v7aU5TN1RnQSTni/wQ== Dilemma - Banning parties against human rights . 15.453153630936507 -99.0 5.0 10.0 0.0 2.006535947712418 306.0 1 The government should have the right to ban a party if that party campaigns against human rights 72 -77 Not administered 6 -99 No valid response 3 10 The government should never have the right to ban a party, regardless of the party's views 28 UNF:6:LaGz3lzYRajKXMhJ4sFw7Q== Young people questioning authority -99.0 13.76899932216044 5.0 3.0 306.0 0.6274509803921585 0.0 . 2 Disagree 83 -99 No valid response 2 3 Neither agree nor disagree 101 5 Totally agree 17 -77 Not administered 6 1 Totally disagree 30 4 Agree 67 UNF:6:TemlbKd/89t7dMecGTdusA== Need for discipline and following leaders 2.0 0.0 306.0 0.3137254901960793 5.0 -99.0 13.711534255836852 . 1 Totally disagree 41 3 Neither agree nor disagree 103 -77 Not administered 6 4 Agree 37 5 Totally agree 8 2 Disagree 109 -99 No valid response 2 UNF:6:v8ncCiRMKUUzAyFGhGlgiw== Strict observance of Godâ€™s laws 14.726855910552638 5.0 0.0 -99.0 . 1.0 306.0 -0.7287581699346453 1 Totally disagree 168 4 Agree 17 -99 No valid response 3 3 Neither agree nor disagree 43 5 Totally agree 11 2 Disagree 58 -77 Not administered 6 UNF:6:8Dm8ldCCqt26gFWUuUCezg== Acceptance of premarital sexual relations 5.0 14.00801878082459 5.0 . 306.0 2.1666666666666634 -99.0 0.0 4 Agree 73 1 Totally disagree 7 2 Disagree 4 5 Totally agree 187 -77 Not administered 6 3 Neither agree nor disagree 27 -99 No valid response 2 UNF:6:D2IjR4aSvZ2guxMqmvJ6Yg== No need for stricter government and laws -99.0 5.0 0.0 0.7712418300653566 . 306.0 13.786663421178735 3.0 -77 Not administered 6 2 Disagree 83 4 Agree 73 -99 No valid response 2 1 Totally disagree 13 5 Totally agree 19 3 Neither agree nor disagree 110 UNF:6:/3ieCLRkdiC+hCUk+NOqhQ== Need for crackdown on troublemakers 306.0 1.5816993464052274 . 4.0 5.0 0.0 -99.0 13.917138569232277 4 Agree 131 5 Totally agree 76 -77 Not administered 6 2 Disagree 19 -99 No valid response 2 1 Totally disagree 7 3 Neither agree nor disagree 65 UNF:6:c+OYKJ29PJ4n6KpCRFx7Tg== Need for strong action against crime -99.0 306.0 13.97128163758812 . 2.0032679738562074 4.0 0.0 5.0 3 Neither agree nor disagree 21 2 Disagree 4 -77 Not administered 6 1 Totally disagree 2 4 Agree 155 5 Totally agree 116 -99 No valid response 2 UNF:6:ZRsKpxm98h8V2E6u7zgvOw== Need for strong leaders for safety 0.0 . 306.0 5.0 4.0 11.208473723487717 -77.0 1.8202614379084952 2 Disagree 39 3 Neither agree nor disagree 80 1 Totally disagree 16 -99 No valid response 0 -77 Not administered 6 5 Totally agree 25 4 Agree 140 UNF:6:/b2/rfPfZ68B16JEhZQDSA== Citizens leaving decisions to leaders 5.0 3.0 1.19607843137255 . 0.0 11.112868820576281 306.0 -77.0 5 Totally agree 7 1 Totally disagree 21 -99 No valid response 0 4 Agree 53 -77 Not administered 6 3 Neither agree nor disagree 122 2 Disagree 97 UNF:6:Je0dxd9YuGbY+E1ESkYcjw== Gratitude for directive leaders 11.052116392794826 306.0 5.0 2.0 0.7058823529411739 -77.0 0.0 . -77 Not administered 6 1 Totally disagree 75 5 Totally agree 8 2 Disagree 111 -99 No valid response 0 3 Neither agree nor disagree 83 4 Agree 23 UNF:6:udMSVAx8Wdtnkm5xn8Cztg== Politics is too complicated 306.0 . 0.0 0.14379084967319863 -99.0 5.0 3.0 14.878268143819414 2 Disagree 94 -77 Not administered 6 1 Totally disagree 44 4 Agree 58 3 Neither agree nor disagree 83 5 Totally agree 18 -99 No valid response 3 UNF:6:dUrWjwHWjX0AD9Ol64fjoQ== Main problem to solve in Belgian politics -99.0 20.053235695679998 306.0 0.0 8.0 0.699346405228757 5.0 . -77 Not administered 6 4 The people do not understand how difficult it is to govern 9 6 Political power is in the hands of too few 15 -99 No valid response 8 1 The current political class is unable to solve the problems of our society 30 7 Politicians are more subject to specific interests than to the common good 67 3 Politicians do not listen enough to the people 36 8 The current political system was designed to serve only the interests of the wealthiest citizens, not the average citize 39 5 Our system is too rigid to make decisions efficiently and quickly 77 2 The people are not interested enough in politics 19 UNF:6:41CeCqPc7LDwqcXKQpfhRg== Second most important problem in Belgian politics -99.0 20.7432093714124 -0.1928104575163383 4.5 306.0 . 8.0 0.0 7 Politicians are more subject to specific interests than to the common good 66 4 The people do not understand how difficult it is to govern 15 5 Our system is too rigid to make decisions efficiently and quickly 46 -77 Not administered 6 8 The current political system was designed to serve only the interests of the wealthiest citizens, not the average citize 29 2 The people are not interested enough in politics 31 -99 No valid response 9 1 The current political class is unable to solve the problems of our society 50 3 Politicians do not listen enough to the people 42 6 Political power is in the hands of too few 12 UNF:6:Z7CokGczc5ZaDxwu3UnXkw== Citizens making decisions instead of politicians 5.0 -99.0 306.0 12.45683213666139 . 2.0 0.4477124183006543 0.0 1 Very poor reform 87 -99 No valid response 1 5 Very good reform 17 -77 Not administered 6 UNF:6:t4f/Cbg7lOohx2e9QOb5kw== Citizensâ€™ right to request recall vote 13.811359007350276 5.0 . -99.0 0.8986928104575166 306.0 3.0 0.0 -99 No valid response 2 1 Very poor reform 23 -77 Not administered 6 5 Very good reform 33 UNF:6:amwLvYaKrdRZkMFTzew4fA== Limit on MPsâ€™ income . 3.0 12.627860585205699 5.0 1.532679738562095 0.0 306.0 -99.0 5 Very good reform 72 -99 No valid response 1 1 Very poor reform 19 -77 Not administered 6 UNF:6:CIjaTNWKiG8xUBchyuMezw== Requirement of blank criminal record for power 0.0 12.717496011828985 4.0 -99.0 . 306.0 5.0 2.2614379084967324 1 Very poor reform 4 -77 Not administered 6 -99 No valid response 1 5 Very good reform 143 UNF:6:3TsqpcoHS/3dbo/xMFd0cA== Need for measures to represent other groups . 14.943375030495822 5.0 -99.0 0.5457516339869308 0.0 306.0 3.0 -99 No valid response 3 5 Very good reform 32 1 Very poor reform 26 -77 Not administered 6 UNF:6:ItpqzIv5NvFIG9OHAQ4FRA== Citizensâ€™ right to force government referendum -99.0 1.8235294117647094 4.0 0.0 . 5.0 306.0 12.654872785110435 1 Very poor reform 7 -99 No valid response 1 5 Very good reform 73 -77 Not administered 6 UNF:6:HRI2U/7r7oVW30APub2l+A== Limit on politiciansâ€™ terms in office -99.0 . 1.5130718954248321 12.61776625582426 5.0 306.0 3.0 0.0 5 Very good reform 64 -77 Not administered 6 -99 No valid response 1 1 Very poor reform 16 UNF:6:OIt/IacDLNFRWxddmRo3yA== Need for better education for political involvement 5.0 306.0 0.0 4.0 12.658765659116582 1.879084967320259 . -99.0 5 Very good reform 78 -77 Not administered 6 -99 No valid response 1 1 Very poor reform 2 UNF:6:t+vAgNMAI+CgD/qEcDMxtQ== Pseudonym 306.0 0.0 4.94344849E8 4.510111065751634E8 4.04344041E8 . 4.54344097E8 2.854963730012974E7 UNF:6:8hgKIKysdF8tsizvmhyKYQ== Module completion status 1.0 0.0 2.0 0.1388754949075771 1.0 . 306.0 1.0196078431372548 1 Completed module 300 2 Started but did not complete 6 UNF:6:kW/ac1jIbUgpsgdEBiQPtw== Year of last survey activity 2024.0 0.0 2024.0 0.0 306.0 2024.0 . 2024.0 UNF:6:t5GdVsP9A9uC+lzQO+qfJg== Month of last survey activity 0.0 4.166666666666667 0.3732884438274005 4.0 5.0 306.0 . 4.0 -77 Not administered 0 8 August 0 2 February 0 12 December 0 -99 No valid response 0 1 January 0 6 June 0 11 November 0 9 September 0 7 July 0 4 April 255 3 March 0 5 May 51 10 October 0 UNF:6:vtEP2PTWPonl1S28wiODhA== Mode of survey 2.0 1.0 1.0 306.0 . 0.22297098754749034 0.0 1.0522875816993464 -77 Not administered 0 1 Online 290 -99 No valid response 0 2 Offline 16 UNF:6:Dk6kfuxNgKNjSx/6rJIBbw== Survey language 1.0 2.0 0.4935347569377279 1.415032679738562 . 306.0 0.0 1.0 -99 No valid response 0 1 Dutch 179 2 French 127 -77 Not administered 0 UNF:6:j+jqEfYMzDrzs3Hb/6EPQw== Trust in ordinary people for political decisions -99.0 306.0 8.258859763837608 0.0 3.0 5.0 . 2.0326797385620923 5 Strongly agree 1 3 Neither agree nor disagree 103 2 Disagree 108 -99 No valid response 2 1 Strongly disagree 26 4 Agree 66 -77 Not administered 0 UNF:6:laRJ7yQOvRsDJeeSZWA2Vg== Ordinary people��s information for political decisions 0.0 5.859683791731121 . 2.0 2.04248366013072 -99.0 306.0 5.0 1 Strongly disagree 35 -77 Not administered 0 -99 No valid response 1 4 Agree 35 5 Strongly agree 3 2 Disagree 162 3 Neither agree nor disagree 70 UNF:6:NDESor8T9oS21z288He/vw== Ordinary people��s skills for political decisions 5.0 2.333333333333335 0.0 -99.0 3.0 5.87911000290261 306.0 . 3 Neither agree nor disagree 109 1 Strongly disagree 22 5 Strongly agree 4 4 Agree 52 2 Disagree 118 -99 No valid response 1 -77 Not administered 0 UNF:6:A0Pajse3/z95EgW8kUElfA== Politicians are too corrupt for political decisions 2.7222222222222214 3.0 5.0 -99.0 . 5.9167417065971835 0.0 306.0 4 Agree 75 3 Neither agree nor disagree 116 -99 No valid response 1 5 Strongly agree 23 1 Strongly disagree 13 -77 Not administered 0 2 Disagree 78 UNF:6:hdOa6XkzAaLMEAplyOrr9w== Politicians would destroy society 5.899028971373188 306.0 2.444444444444446 0.0 5.0 -99.0 . 3.0 -77 Not administered 0 -99 No valid response 1 5 Strongly agree 9 2 Disagree 99 3 Neither agree nor disagree 106 1 Strongly disagree 26 4 Agree 65 UNF:6:dLF5Nmn2QbPqmyVlldqqGg== Politicians have wrong motives 306.0 3.0 -99.0 5.0 2.3921568627450953 . 8.287248980244248 0.0 3 Neither agree nor disagree 124 5 Strongly agree 15 -77 Not administered 0 2 Disagree 75 -99 No valid response 2 1 Strongly disagree 9 4 Agree 81 UNF:6:/4dkWVXsXRx1v0sHF/4NHQ== Ordinary people should be given power 0.0 -99.0 . 5.0 3.0 306.0 5.892511960401231 2.4117647058823537 5 Strongly agree 7 2 Disagree 91 -99 No valid response 1 3 Neither agree nor disagree 121 1 Strongly disagree 29 4 Agree 57 -77 Not administered 0 UNF:6:mEPKuWka/MkOIZh2RJCCTw== Politicians should be deprived of power . 2.859477124183006 5.0 0.0 3.0 306.0 1.0 0.9355589481035503 1 Strongly disagree 15 3 Neither agree nor disagree 108 -77 Not administered 0 5 Strongly agree 10 4 Agree 70 2 Disagree 103 -99 No valid response 0 UNF:6:2jUkb0OBIUt5tPGuR872ZQ== Support for more referendums -99.0 4.0 0.0 2.702614379084967 . 5.0 10.171954034516544 306.0 3 Neither agree nor disagree 53 -99 No valid response 3 5 Totally agree 39 1 Totally disagree 2 4 Agree 175 2 Disagree 34 -77 Not administered 0 UNF:6:A3rOKW8sHXeulIgAQokqWw== Strengthen power of unelected experts 0.0 . 5.0 2.0163398692810475 10.113279421526958 3.0 -99.0 306.0 4 Agree 102 -99 No valid response 3 3 Neither agree nor disagree 96 2 Disagree 81 -77 Not administered 0 1 Totally disagree 16 5 Totally agree 8 UNF:6:pnfY8KQRk6umgFwnKfAhSg== Strengthen power of scientists 3.0 -99.0 0.0 5.0 306.0 8.315195948390553 2.640522875816993 . -99 No valid response 2 4 Agree 132 2 Disagree 48 5 Totally agree 20 -77 Not administered 0 1 Totally disagree 15 3 Neither agree nor disagree 89 UNF:6:ux+lHO8YDo3tuxEdgp4zXg== Strengthen power of physicians 0.0 1.928104575163399 3.0 10.10963155441767 . -99.0 5.0 306.0 -77 Not administered 0 4 Agree 88 -99 No valid response 3 5 Totally agree 10 3 Neither agree nor disagree 102 1 Totally disagree 27 2 Disagree 76 UNF:6:e9rsB/g8/cLCi/oJNjXJMw== Strengthen power of businessmen 0.0 . 10.045124802844676 2.0 1.3529411764705883 -99.0 5.0 306.0 2 Disagree 129 3 Neither agree nor disagree 80 4 Agree 37 -77 Not administered 0 1 Totally disagree 55 -99 No valid response 3 5 Totally agree 2 UNF:6:axdIsEMXaqx8bk4R+pQJ4Q== Strengthen power of military generals 1.5392156862745088 2.0 -99.0 306.0 . 0.0 5.0 8.221528997392534 2 Disagree 132 -77 Not administered 0 4 Agree 33 -99 No valid response 2 5 Totally agree 1 1 Totally disagree 73 3 Neither agree nor disagree 65 UNF:6:ouimeCxpxcLuw4FzpdlJVw== Strengthen power of religious leaders -99.0 . 1.0 1.0294117647058811 5.0 306.0 0.0 8.176081729027075 1 Totally disagree 164 -99 No valid response 2 2 Disagree 89 3 Neither agree nor disagree 36 -77 Not administered 0 4 Agree 12 5 Totally agree 3 UNF:6:sfVlZU6uBRuGhPTSX+M/gA== Strengthen power of experienced people 5.0 8.300475885453634 306.0 -99.0 2.45424836601307 . 3.0 0.0 2 Disagree 69 -77 Not administered 0 5 Totally agree 13 4 Agree 112 1 Totally disagree 16 3 Neither agree nor disagree 94 -99 No valid response 2 UNF:6:OND32cbN+DHBJt8g7OXYqg== Strengthen power of selfless politicians 5.940186342116168 5.0 4.0 . 306.0 0.0 -99.0 3.4673202614379104 1 Totally disagree 7 4 Agree 166 2 Disagree 15 -77 Not administered 0 5 Totally agree 54 -99 No valid response 1 3 Neither agree nor disagree 63 UNF:6:k0yLXYktWbjpUmVoxZhDwg== Strengthen power of inexperienced people 1.0 . 0.8808594811202776 0.0 2.6601307189542487 3.0 5.0 306.0 -99 No valid response 0 5 Totally agree 6 1 Totally disagree 22 4 Agree 44 2 Disagree 116 3 Neither agree nor disagree 118 -77 Not administered 0 UNF:6:3c4kzZ9/5GglSfJ9RUbLcA== Government functions better with deliberation . 3.0 5.921892400267239 5.0 0.0 306.0 3.006535947712417 -99.0 2 Disagree 47 -77 Not administered 0 4 Agree 129 3 Neither agree nor disagree 100 -99 No valid response 1 1 Totally disagree 9 5 Totally agree 20 UNF:6:40onx1qZev0XXEOFWaBDZw== Government functions better with compromises 0.8371785282356837 306.0 5.0 . 0.0 3.5490196078431375 4.0 1.0 -77 Not administered 0 3 Neither agree nor disagree 84 4 Agree 161 1 Totally disagree 4 -99 No valid response 0 2 Disagree 33 5 Totally agree 24 UNF:6:vNOeO80M72WWKahlCALd4g== Government functions better with ideological flexibility 8.298355393652724 0.0 5.0 306.0 . 3.0 -99.0 2.6928104575163396 -77 Not administered 0 4 Agree 132 3 Neither agree nor disagree 119 2 Disagree 40 1 Totally disagree 2 5 Totally agree 11 -99 No valid response 2 UNF:6:XYi+Q0QB3+lBr77DhXtyLw== Politicians should have the last word 306.0 0.0 . 1.0 5.0 0.90916025957194 3.5359477124183005 4.0 3 Neither agree nor disagree 68 -99 No valid response 0 1 Totally disagree 7 -77 Not administered 0 2 Disagree 40 4 Agree 164 5 Totally agree 27 UNF:6:yXVNb2MnzOcqxdEGg3eiKQ== Politicians make decisions after contact with citizens . 4.0 1.0 306.0 5.0 0.7851686918353173 0.0 3.7941176470588234 4 Agree 197 -99 No valid response 0 3 Neither agree nor disagree 54 1 Totally disagree 7 2 Disagree 12 -77 Not administered 0 5 Totally agree 36 UNF:6:O9EMBlTjXctvRit6XRAxsA== Government must adjust actions to public opinion 0.0 . 4.0 5.9353493950965435 -99.0 306.0 3.3398692810457526 5.0 -99 No valid response 1 -77 Not administered 0 3 Neither agree nor disagree 64 1 Totally disagree 6 4 Agree 168 5 Totally agree 39 2 Disagree 28 UNF:6:YQVoMHVGyYOOSrAal6NvNw== Politicians should follow well-informed policies 8.746667945566777 -99.0 . 3.0 5.0 306.0 2.3758169934640554 0.0 4 Agree 108 5 Totally agree 13 2 Disagree 37 1 Totally disagree 13 3 Neither agree nor disagree 132 -77 Not administered 2 -99 No valid response 1 UNF:6:8QRhR8BwOPwqF+WG3mfLLg== Strengthen power of knowledgeable politicians 0.0 2.637254901960788 -99.0 4.0 306.0 8.768186775210479 . 5.0 -77 Not administered 2 2 Disagree 31 1 Totally disagree 6 3 Neither agree nor disagree 90 -99 No valid response 1 4 Agree 158 5 Totally agree 18 UNF:6:UEVZrf1/2n7JD3l1L/Wqdg== Politicians may abandon election promises 8.78668230454053 5.0 0.0 4.0 2.7843137254901973 -99.0 . 306.0 1 Totally disagree 4 -77 Not administered 2 -99 No valid response 1 2 Disagree 33 5 Totally agree 36 3 Neither agree nor disagree 65 4 Agree 165 UNF:6:kP8dqja7iuH4miD/sx2L7Q== Government run by independent experts 5.0 4.0 2.862745098039218 . 0.0 6.5682383530655155 -77.0 306.0 3 Neither agree nor disagree 81 5 Totally agree 34 4 Agree 126 -99 No valid response 0 -77 Not administered 2 1 Totally disagree 13 2 Disagree 50 UNF:6:lx1V7Oond+WnBN6Aa2oSBA== Government works better with occasional intervention 0.0 . 3.0 8.695422462364483 5.0 -99.0 306.0 1.830065359477128 3 Neither agree nor disagree 120 -99 No valid response 1 4 Agree 53 5 Totally agree 3 1 Totally disagree 28 -77 Not administered 2 2 Disagree 99 UNF:6:LrBwNAfEakLz6AjmesIkFg== Politics should do what people want 306.0 . 3.0 -99.0 0.0 8.723396286593678 2.1535947712418264 5.0 -99 No valid response 1 2 Disagree 78 4 Agree 95 -77 Not administered 2 3 Neither agree nor disagree 117 1 Totally disagree 10 5 Totally agree 3 UNF:6:794m5YzWv+gIeZjPJ1y3nw== Only elected politicians decide political direction . 6.535416457569243 2.5686274509803955 3.0 5.0 0.0 -77.0 306.0 3 Neither agree nor disagree 104 5 Totally agree 15 -99 No valid response 0 1 Totally disagree 13 2 Disagree 74 4 Agree 98 -77 Not administered 2 UNF:6:MsAhfz3Gv89xe3Oq/GOKYQ== Politicians govern without constant public attention . 306.0 1.1339869281045774 -99.0 2.0 10.390018308248075 5.0 0.0 1 Totally disagree 47 -77 Not administered 2 2 Disagree 151 5 Totally agree 3 3 Neither agree nor disagree 69 -99 No valid response 2 4 Agree 32 UNF:6:zU8HxY6eteYMysXqxqQ1kw== Strong government leader is good 1.7647058823529458 -99.0 5.0 2.0 306.0 . 8.705200786477212 0.0 4 Agree 68 -77 Not administered 2 1 Totally disagree 44 -99 No valid response 1 3 Neither agree nor disagree 77 5 Totally agree 6 2 Disagree 108 UNF:6:sl1kiZetlcFzD/sCsrYOiQ== Political role of citizens limited to electing representatives 8.693529567311908 . 306.0 -99.0 0.0 2.0 5.0 1.751633986928106 1 Totally disagree 31 2 Disagree 128 3 Neither agree nor disagree 75 4 Agree 68 5 Totally agree 1 -99 No valid response 1 -77 Not administered 2 UNF:6:P/9i+nqiZbeXt5irmYeMsg== Elected politicians know best 6.471733824151576 . 2.0 5.0 -77.0 0.0 1.9281045751633978 306.0 3 Neither agree nor disagree 110 5 Totally agree 3 1 Totally disagree 41 -99 No valid response 0 2 Disagree 121 4 Agree 29 -77 Not administered 2 UNF:6:7U0HeylPTzivdW+MLON50A== Citizens�� views represented by political parties 0.0 . 2.516339869281048 -77.0 6.520690474515563 306.0 3.0 5.0 2 Disagree 74 1 Totally disagree 11 -99 No valid response 0 3 Neither agree nor disagree 118 5 Totally agree 7 4 Agree 94 -77 Not administered 2 UNF:6:5D/MkkPUK7yjCs8+zV+VVA== Only parliament makes important political decisions -99.0 3.0 8.743538123051032 . 0.0 2.261437908496733 5.0 306.0 2 Disagree 66 -77 Not administered 2 1 Totally disagree 14 3 Neither agree nor disagree 107 -99 No valid response 1 5 Totally agree 14 4 Agree 102 UNF:6:d8Rp04x4F8hQu5un5IfaRA== Politicians should pay attention to citizens and experts 6.566225854765035 5.0 . -77.0 3.467320261437911 0.0 306.0 4.0 3 Neither agree nor disagree 37 5 Totally agree 49 -99 No valid response 0 2 Disagree 5 1 Totally disagree 1 4 Agree 212 -77 Not administered 2 UNF:6:c/HS8KVfCn4pewxb6w/23Q== Focus on small improvements to political system 4.0 306.0 . 8.766153141977615 -99.0 5.0 2.454248366013069 0.0 -99 No valid response 1 -77 Not administered 2 1 Totally disagree 13 5 Totally agree 21 2 Disagree 55 3 Neither agree nor disagree 80 4 Agree 134 UNF:6:PapdZEhqvvJIFC/NBzv9cw== Politics is about finding balance 3.3954248366013067 . 4.0 0.0 306.0 6.579938111914657 5.0 -77.0 5 Totally agree 64 2 Disagree 13 1 Totally disagree 3 -77 Not administered 2 4 Agree 172 3 Neither agree nor disagree 52 -99 No valid response 0 UNF:6:MOup6E3VpcWz2QTRspNlUw== Military must take power when government is incompetent 2.0 -77.0 306.0 6.448354943265637 1.473856209150327 0.0 . 5.0 1 Totally disagree 109 2 Disagree 118 -99 No valid response 0 5 Totally agree 6 -77 Not administered 2 3 Neither agree nor disagree 54 4 Agree 17 UNF:6:XASAmVotRAm7qV9b6Sj+UA== Welfare of people is more important than democratic norms 2.1960784313725505 306.0 3.0 0.0 . 8.742628800387745 -99.0 5.0 1 Totally disagree 15 -99 No valid response 1 -77 Not administered 2 2 Disagree 81 3 Neither agree nor disagree 99 5 Totally agree 19 4 Agree 89 UNF:6:GX2Esvemyzf0qDJmQdOjPw== Government ignores Constitutional Court ruling 0.0 . 8.0 306.0 4.97058823529411 10.0 16.244518398940013 -99.0 1 This is not a problem for democracy at all 4 -99 No valid response 4 10 This is a threat to the survival of democracy 95 -77 Not administered 5 UNF:6:vcq5DuQCGBGXKel6OIpgCg== Government keeps law declared unconstitutional 10.0 . 4.578431372549029 -99.0 7.0 306.0 15.031618876752116 0.0 10 This is a threat to the survival of democracy 66 -77 Not administered 5 -99 No valid response 3 1 This is not a problem for democracy at all 7 UNF:6:W4GzP+2hn+adNgdjGPMnWg== Government amends law declared unconstitutional 2.9967320261437904 306.0 0.0 16.001741373683355 10.0 . -99.0 5.0 10 This is a threat to the survival of democracy 48 -99 No valid response 4 1 This is not a problem for democracy at all 24 -77 Not administered 5 UNF:6:J9DeOQy5hV93AI+pB+rFFA== Government withdraws bill after court ruling -99.0 306.0 3.0 0.0 . 10.0 16.632058249659238 0.6372549019607908 1 This is not a problem for democracy at all 95 -77 Not administered 5 -99 No valid response 5 10 This is a threat to the survival of democracy 12 UNF:6:t9BWITPjwXyeOCkvo5rFiw== Government changes electoral law for favorable result 306.0 15.191862004600605 9.0 10.0 5.8823529411764754 0.0 -99.0 . -99 No valid response 3 -77 Not administered 5 1 This is not a problem for democracy at all 2 10 This is a threat to the survival of democracy 136 UNF:6:Py3xmY+jlQgSDlpDfIkmQA== Government adopts rules limiting opposition voters 306.0 10.0 9.0 . 15.178745353654554 0.0 5.715686274509813 -99.0 -77 Not administered 5 10 This is a threat to the survival of democracy 131 -99 No valid response 3 1 This is not a problem for democracy at all 2 UNF:6:kG+HKfBPHSarvtOLHZ5/mA== Government dissolves independent Electoral Commission 0.0 -99.0 10.0 10.0 . 6.029411764705894 306.0 15.21913541997485 10 This is a threat to the survival of democracy 160 1 This is not a problem for democracy at all 1 -77 Not administered 5 -99 No valid response 3 UNF:6:MRbgbPAXSudH9X5UODp3jA== Government limits party advertising spend -99.0 3.0 306.0 . 1.3137254901960793 0.0 10.0 14.05514693112615 10 This is a threat to the survival of democracy 11 1 This is not a problem for democracy at all 94 -99 No valid response 2 -77 Not administered 6 UNF:6:UdR4AWhBKKCogMYwBArQrQ== Government limits coverage of opposition parties 9.0 0.0 10.0 -99.0 6.222222222222219 . 306.0 13.463598633362915 1 This is not a problem for democracy at all 5 10 This is a threat to the survival of democracy 136 -99 No valid response 1 -77 Not administered 6 UNF:6:Lr6ZbhsDk61LowGJUmFp4A== Government bans debates with opposition politicians 6.464052287581702 10.0 13.48078226255332 . 0.0 9.0 -99.0 306.0 -77 Not administered 6 10 This is a threat to the survival of democracy 149 1 This is not a problem for democracy at all 3 -99 No valid response 1 UNF:6:ZctKMko9s6b3nvXjUTe/1g== Government restricts civil society rallies 10.0 306.0 . -99.0 5.869281045751638 13.426762025812604 8.0 0.0 10 This is a threat to the survival of democracy 113 -77 Not administered 6 1 This is not a problem for democracy at all 4 -99 No valid response 1 UNF:6:07ab+Gva9W8/p+ahqr+yEA== Government cuts subsidies to critical organizations 0.0 -99.0 10.0 306.0 . 5.068627450980395 9.0 16.974190516301604 10 This is a threat to the survival of democracy 122 -77 Not administered 6 1 This is not a problem for democracy at all 4 -99 No valid response 4 UNF:6:X0D5FiI1ZifnKtvqmJjR1w== Government censors critical organizations 0.0 10.0 . 10.0 6.2614379084967275 14.774710889221039 -99.0 306.0 10 This is a threat to the survival of democracy 160 -77 Not administered 6 1 This is not a problem for democracy at all 3 -99 No valid response 2 UNF:6:A9He3meBCpMXIrWl7rt0IQ== Dilemma - Judicial independence 0.0 15.779767109735857 7.0 10.0 . 4.32679738562091 306.0 -99.0 -99 No valid response 3 1 The government should be able to block the careers of judges 13 10 ��Judges cannot be subject to political control even if the government disagrees with their decisions 76 -77 Not administered 6 UNF:6:QXx4/dONhg6a/O36q055yg== Dilemma - Banning extremist parties 306.0 0.0 2.9411764705882377 5.0 . 15.596861934951415 -99.0 10.0 1 It is right to ban parties that promote extremist ideas from participating in elections 34 10 All parties should be allowed to stand for election regardless of whether they promote extremist ideas 48 -99 No valid response 3 -77 Not administered 6 UNF:6:EZbhPsozM/bC5k7mCK4VVg== Dilemma - Voting restrictions 306.0 1.0915032679738603 . 3.0 10.0 -99.0 16.374053636374676 0.0 -99 No valid response 4 10 There should be no restrictions on the right to vote for any reason 23 -77 Not administered 6 1 The government should be able to prohibit persons who pose a threat to national security or who have committed serious crimes from voting 86 UNF:6:Coi3pwwOiOOcUvCrw7SLfA== Dilemma - Courts overturning parliamentary decisions 10.0 0.0 8.0 5.058823529411762 -99.0 306.0 . 15.868201131066153 10 It is the role of the courts and tribunals to ensure that laws passed in parliament comply with Belgium's constitution and international obligations 100 1 No court or tribunal may overturn a decision approved by a majority of elected members of parliament 10 -99 No valid response 3 -77 Not administered 6 UNF:6:P1V2MCO8IGGvmsUcleQtZA== Dilemma - Government contesting electoral results 10.0 -99.0 9.0 . 14.751255515014973 5.5457516339869315 0.0 306.0 -99 No valid response 2 -77 Not administered 6 10 Elections confirmed by an independent electoral commission cannot be contested by the government 127 1 The government must be able to contest the result of an election even if it was validated by an independent electoral commission 10 UNF:6:HUHd4WWZFxbgVwFAX5u02g== Dilemma - Independence of the media 10.0 306.0 0.0 8.0 -99.0 14.681580112501754 . 5.519607843137254 10 The media should be completely free to express themselves regardless of their views 97 1 Parliament should have the right to pass laws controlling the media 3 -77 Not administered 6 -99 No valid response 2 UNF:6:8eMHBzpAh99DVP7vp+zbDQ== Dilemma - Social services for migrants 7.0 10.0 . -99.0 0.0 4.405228758169939 14.610321035732586 306.0 -99 No valid response 2 10 Migrants without papers should have access to basic social services, such as health care, until a final decision has been made on their right to stay in Belgium 72 -77 Not administered 6 1 Migrants without papers should not have access to basic social services such as health care 17 UNF:6:Y6j2v7aU5TN1RnQSTni/wQ== Dilemma - Banning parties against human rights -99.0 15.453153630936507 0.0 306.0 10.0 . 2.006535947712418 5.0 -99 No valid response 3 1 The government should have the right to ban a party if that party campaigns against human rights 72 10 The government should never have the right to ban a party, regardless of the party's views 28 -77 Not administered 6 UNF:6:LaGz3lzYRajKXMhJ4sFw7Q== Young people questioning authority 5.0 13.76899932216044 0.0 . 306.0 -99.0 3.0 0.6274509803921585 4 Agree 67 3 Neither agree nor disagree 101 -77 Not administered 6 1 Totally disagree 30 2 Disagree 83 -99 No valid response 2 5 Totally agree 17 UNF:6:TemlbKd/89t7dMecGTdusA== Need for discipline and following leaders 5.0 306.0 0.0 2.0 . 0.3137254901960793 -99.0 13.711534255836852 -99 No valid response 2 2 Disagree 109 -77 Not administered 6 4 Agree 37 1 Totally disagree 41 5 Totally agree 8 3 Neither agree nor disagree 103 UNF:6:v8ncCiRMKUUzAyFGhGlgiw== Strict observance of God��s laws 1.0 5.0 -0.7287581699346453 14.726855910552638 0.0 -99.0 306.0 . -77 Not administered 6 5 Totally agree 11 2 Disagree 58 4 Agree 17 -99 No valid response 3 1 Totally disagree 168 3 Neither agree nor disagree 43 UNF:6:8Dm8ldCCqt26gFWUuUCezg== Acceptance of premarital sexual relations 5.0 306.0 0.0 . -99.0 5.0 2.1666666666666634 14.00801878082459 -99 No valid response 2 4 Agree 73 1 Totally disagree 7 5 Totally agree 187 3 Neither agree nor disagree 27 -77 Not administered 6 2 Disagree 4 UNF:6:D2IjR4aSvZ2guxMqmvJ6Yg== No need for stricter government and laws 13.786663421178735 0.7712418300653566 306.0 . -99.0 0.0 3.0 5.0 -99 No valid response 2 3 Neither agree nor disagree 110 4 Agree 73 -77 Not administered 6 5 Totally agree 19 1 Totally disagree 13 2 Disagree 83 UNF:6:/3ieCLRkdiC+hCUk+NOqhQ== Need for crackdown on troublemakers 13.917138569232277 -99.0 . 5.0 306.0 0.0 1.5816993464052274 4.0 -99 No valid response 2 3 Neither agree nor disagree 65 5 Totally agree 76 4 Agree 131 -77 Not administered 6 1 Totally disagree 7 2 Disagree 19 UNF:6:c+OYKJ29PJ4n6KpCRFx7Tg== Need for strong action against crime 0.0 4.0 5.0 -99.0 13.97128163758812 . 306.0 2.0032679738562074 2 Disagree 4 5 Totally agree 116 -77 Not administered 6 4 Agree 155 -99 No valid response 2 3 Neither agree nor disagree 21 1 Totally disagree 2 UNF:6:ZRsKpxm98h8V2E6u7zgvOw== Need for strong leaders for safety . 306.0 5.0 -77.0 0.0 11.208473723487717 4.0 1.8202614379084952 3 Neither agree nor disagree 80 -77 Not administered 6 1 Totally disagree 16 -99 No valid response 0 2 Disagree 39 4 Agree 140 5 Totally agree 25 UNF:6:/b2/rfPfZ68B16JEhZQDSA== Citizens leaving decisions to leaders 1.19607843137255 306.0 -77.0 5.0 0.0 . 3.0 11.112868820576281 2 Disagree 97 5 Totally agree 7 4 Agree 53 3 Neither agree nor disagree 122 1 Totally disagree 21 -77 Not administered 6 -99 No valid response 0 UNF:6:Je0dxd9YuGbY+E1ESkYcjw== Gratitude for directive leaders 306.0 0.0 0.7058823529411739 . -77.0 5.0 11.052116392794826 2.0 3 Neither agree nor disagree 83 -77 Not administered 6 1 Totally disagree 75 5 Totally agree 8 -99 No valid response 0 4 Agree 23 2 Disagree 111 UNF:6:udMSVAx8Wdtnkm5xn8Cztg== Politics is too complicated 306.0 . 0.0 14.878268143819414 5.0 3.0 0.14379084967319863 -99.0 1 Totally disagree 44 2 Disagree 94 -99 No valid response 3 -77 Not administered 6 5 Totally agree 18 3 Neither agree nor disagree 83 4 Agree 58 UNF:6:dUrWjwHWjX0AD9Ol64fjoQ== Main problem to solve in Belgian politics 8.0 306.0 0.699346405228757 5.0 -99.0 20.053235695679998 . 0.0 8 The current political system was designed to serve only the interests of the wealthiest citizens, not the average citizen 39 1 The current political class is unable to solve the problems of our society 30 6 Political power is in the hands of too few 15 -77 Not administered 6 2 The people are not interested enough in politics 19 -99 No valid response 8 3 Politicians do not listen enough to the people 36 7 Politicians are more subject to specific interests than to the common good 67 4 The people do not understand how difficult it is to govern 9 5 Our system is too rigid to make decisions efficiently and quickly 77 UNF:6:41CeCqPc7LDwqcXKQpfhRg== Second most important problem in Belgian politics 20.7432093714124 306.0 -99.0 . 4.5 -0.1928104575163383 8.0 0.0 6 Political power is in the hands of too few 12 4 The people do not understand how difficult it is to govern 15 -77 Not administered 6 8 The current political system was designed to serve only the interests of the wealthiest citizens, not the average citizen 29 3 Politicians do not listen enough to the people 42 7 Politicians are more subject to specific interests than to the common good 66 2 The people are not interested enough in politics 31 1 The current political class is unable to solve the problems of our society 50 5 Our system is too rigid to make decisions efficiently and quickly 46 -99 No valid response 9 UNF:6:Z7CokGczc5ZaDxwu3UnXkw== Citizens making decisions instead of politicians 5.0 12.45683213666139 0.0 0.4477124183006543 . 306.0 2.0 -99.0 1 Very poor reform 87 -99 No valid response 1 -77 Not administered 6 5 Very good reform 17 UNF:6:t4f/Cbg7lOohx2e9QOb5kw== Citizens�� right to request recall vote . 306.0 0.8986928104575166 13.811359007350276 5.0 3.0 0.0 -99.0 -99 No valid response 2 5 Very good reform 33 1 Very poor reform 23 -77 Not administered 6 UNF:6:amwLvYaKrdRZkMFTzew4fA== Limit on MPs�� income 1.532679738562095 -99.0 0.0 12.627860585205699 5.0 3.0 306.0 . 5 Very good reform 72 -99 No valid response 1 1 Very poor reform 19 -77 Not administered 6 UNF:6:CIjaTNWKiG8xUBchyuMezw== Requirement of blank criminal record for power 2.2614379084967324 -99.0 . 12.717496011828985 4.0 0.0 5.0 306.0 -99 No valid response 1 -77 Not administered 6 5 Very good reform 143 1 Very poor reform 4 UNF:6:3TsqpcoHS/3dbo/xMFd0cA== Need for measures to represent other groups 306.0 5.0 3.0 0.0 14.943375030495822 -99.0 . 0.5457516339869308 1 Very poor reform 26 -77 Not administered 6 5 Very good reform 32 -99 No valid response 3 UNF:6:ItpqzIv5NvFIG9OHAQ4FRA== Citizens�� right to force government referendum -99.0 0.0 12.654872785110435 . 306.0 5.0 4.0 1.8235294117647094 1 Very poor reform 7 -77 Not administered 6 -99 No valid response 1 5 Very good reform 73 UNF:6:HRI2U/7r7oVW30APub2l+A== Limit on politicians�� terms in office 1.5130718954248321 . 306.0 -99.0 12.61776625582426 5.0 3.0 0.0 -99 No valid response 1 5 Very good reform 64 1 Very poor reform 16 -77 Not administered 6 UNF:6:OIt/IacDLNFRWxddmRo3yA== Need for better education for political involvement 0.0 . 306.0 12.658765659116582 4.0 1.879084967320259 5.0 -99.0 5 Very good reform 78 -77 Not administered 6 -99 No valid response 1 1 Very poor reform 2 UNF:6:t+vAgNMAI+CgD/qEcDMxtQ== Codebooktssq24_1_SUF_EN_v1.0.html tssq24_1 codebook in English v 1.0 html format text/html Codebooktssq24_1_SUF_EN_v1.0.pdf tssq24_1 codebook in English v 1.0 pdf format application/pdf Codebooktssq24_1_SUF_FR_v1.0.html tssq24_1 codebook in French v 1.0 html format text/html Codebooktssq24_1_SUF_FR_v1.0.pdf tssq24_1 codebook in French v 1.0 pdf format application/pdf Codebooktssq24_1_SUF_NL_v1.0.html tssq24_1 codebook in Dutch v 1.0 html format text/html Codebooktssq24_1_SUF_NL_v1.0.pdf tssq24_1 codebook in Dutch v 1.0 pdf format application/pdf tssq24_1_UserGuide_v1.0.pdf tssq24_1 user guide v 1.0 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